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Explore effective teaching strategies, tools, and resources. Discover ideas to enhance classroom practices and inspire student success.

AI and SOLO feature image, author-generated
AI/VRGood Teaching

AI and SOLO Taxonomy: A Path to Deeper Learning

by Miguel Guhlin
written by Miguel Guhlin

The debate over AI in education centers on its impact on learning. Critics say tools like ChatGPT may tempt students to skip the struggle, weakening their critical thinking. Some call for stronger AI literacy to curb overreliance and cheating. An approach suggested itself to me while I discussed this with my colleague, Diana Benner.

But what if we approached this issue from a different angle? Instead of resisting AI’s role, we could explore how it aligns with pedagogical frameworks like SOLO Taxonomy, which maps the progression of learning from surface to deep understanding and application.

SOLO Taxonomy: A Framework for Learning Growth

SOLO (Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes) Taxonomy describes learning across five stages. Here are my notes on the subject, poorly adapted from Geoff Petty’s Evidence-Based Teaching:

  1. Prestructural: The learner struggles with the task, providing irrelevant information and missing key points.
  2. Unistructural: The learner addresses the task from a single perspective, lacking a broader or integrated view.
  3. Multistructural: The learner explores multiple aspects of a topic but fails to connect or reconcile conflicts between them.
  4. Relational: The learner integrates perspectives, understands relationships, and resolves inconsistencies, forming a coherent view.
  5. Extended Abstract: The learner transcends the immediate context, applying principles to novel situations, weighing conflicting evidence, and creating new frameworks.

This progression aligns with the natural cognitive and metacognitive processes in disciplines like science, where learners hypothesize, test, analyze, and ultimately synthesize data into general principles. You can see this in action via the PRISM framework series.

In the meantime, this infographic incorporates an AI Connection into the SOLO Taxonomy:

The SOLO Taxonomy with AI Connection (author generated)
Author generated image of The SOLO Taxonomy with AI Connection

Matching AI Tools with Learning Phases

John Hattie’s insights on learning phases—surface, deep, and transfer—are key to understanding how and when to incorporate AI. They serve as ways to broadly describe the levels of the SOLO Taxonomy. Let’s take a look at these:

  1. Surface Learning: At this phase, students need exposure to foundational knowledge. AI tools like Edulastic or Quizlet can provide scaffolded retrieval practice and basic quizzes to build their schema.
  2. Deep Learning: Here, students begin to see patterns and relationships. AI can facilitate discussions, prompt deeper questioning, or curate diverse perspectives on a topic. Tools like Google Keep, MS OneNote, markdown editors can assist students in structuring notes or synthesizing key ideas. Again, which digital tools you use (or not) should take into account student age and grade level. It’s even better to rely on handwritten notes to activate the brain. After all, “What the hand does, the mind remembers.”
  3. Transfer Learning: Students apply their understanding to solve problems or innovate. AI shines here, supporting complex tasks like generating alternative hypotheses or testing scenarios. Tools like ChatGPT can serve as a sparring partner for debating ideas or running simulations.
Author-generated image
Concept map showing various tools relevant to phases of learning

Classroom Strategies: AI Meets SOLO in Action

Wondering what this might look like in the classroom? Here are some suggestions that focus on the use of digital tools. Please note that paper-n-pencil activities can work as well, or better. AI tools are not always necessary and can be a distraction at the early levels of concept attainment, formation, and connection.

1. Prestructural and Unistructural Levels

  • Activity: Introduce a topic using AI-generated questions for retrieval practice. Tools like Blooket or Knowt gamify this phase, making foundational knowledge acquisition engaging.
  • Outcome: Students solidify basic concepts, building a base for deeper inquiry.

2. Multistructural Level

  • Activity: Use AI tools to curate diverse viewpoints or data sets about a controversial topic. For instance, students might analyze AI-summarized articles to compare arguments.
  • Outcome: Learners practice comparing perspectives, though they may struggle to resolve contradictions.

3. Relational Level

  • Activity: Guide students in reconciling conflicting viewpoints with AI as a brainstorming assistant. Tools like ChatGPT can suggest frameworks or connections they may not have considered. For both this level and the next (i.e. Extended Abstract), you can take advantage of trained AI thought partners.
  • Outcome: Students construct a coherent understanding and begin to apply it across contexts.

4. Extended Abstract Level

  • Activity: Challenge students to design a solution to a real-world problem, with AI assisting in generating models, testing hypotheses, or refining presentations.
  • Outcome: Learners demonstrate mastery by applying principles innovatively and defending their approach against scrutiny.

Addressing AI Overreliance

To prevent overreliance, educators should:

  • Assess Learning Phases: Align AI use with the phase of learning, gradually reducing support as students progress.
  • Teach Critical Evaluation: Empower students to question AI outputs, identifying biases or inaccuracies.
  • Model Ethical Use: Show students how to integrate AI responsibly into their workflows, using it as a tool rather than a crutch.
Author-generated image
Do’s and Don’ts of AI Use in the Classroom

Exploring SOLO and AI in the Context of the Writing Classroom

One of the questions I have going around in my mind? What does this look like in the writing workshop I facilitated at elementary and secondary grade levels? One possibility might be allowing AI in these ways, as well as keeping focus on key concepts. It might look like this:

SOLO StageActivityAI GuidelinesCommunity Building
Prestructural
Lacks understanding or prior knowledge.		– Quizzes to gauge understanding.Allowed: Basic prompts or vocabulary lists.
Focus On: Student explanations and connections to the topic.		– Sharing Circle: Discuss connections.
Unistructural
Single ideas with limited connections.		– Write thesis statements or summaries.Allowed: None.
Focus On: Peer and teacher feedback for developing independent writing skills.		– Talk Read, Talk Write: Group discussion before writing.
Multistructural
Multiple ideas but no integration.		– Collect and analyze evidence.Allowed: None.
Focus On: Independent research, analysis, and organizing ideas manually.		– Sharing Circle: Share sources and justify choices.
Relational
Ideas are connected into a coherent whole.		– Draft essays linking multiple arguments.Allowed: AI for outline refinement after a full draft.
Focus On: Building connections and arguments independently.		– Talk Read, Talk Write: Peer feedback on outlines.
Extended Abstract
Applies knowledge creatively or to novel situations.		– Apply writing to new scenarios.Allowed: AI for brainstorming refinements or counterarguments post-draft.
Focus On: Original ideas and creative problem-solving.		– Sharing Circle: Peer Q&A on solutions.

Do you think this is too strict? I find myself agreeing with this perspective from educator Thomas Hummel:

“Over-reliance on AI for simple tasks can rob students of the opportunity to develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills. “

-Thomas hummel (source)

A Parting Thought

AI gives teachers and students a chance to dive deep into their work. With tools like SOLO Taxonomy, we can push students to master skills and think for themselves.

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Good Teaching

Empowering Creative and Critical Thinking With Project-Based Learning

by Greta Sandler & Stephanie Howell
written by Greta Sandler & Stephanie Howell

Project-based learning (PBL) is more than just a teaching method; it’s a dynamic approach where students actively engage in real-world and personally meaningful projects. This immersive experience helps them develop crucial skills like critical thinking, problem-solving, and collaboration. By grappling with complex challenges, students learn to analyze information, evaluate solutions, and make informed decisions. PBL also sparks creativity as students explore innovative approaches and generate unique solutions to real-world problems.

The Gold Standard PBL model provides a valuable framework to ensure effective implementation of PBL. This model outlines key elements that contribute to impactful PBL experiences. 

Let’s explore these elements and discover how they can empower your students.

Gold Standard Project-Based Learning Elements

1. Challenging Problem or Question:

Students should be presented with a challenging problem or question to engage them in the project.   

    A successful PBL experience begins with a compelling challenge—a problem or question that sparks students’ curiosity and drives them to seek solutions. This challenge should be connected to learning goals and student interests. This challenge, often framed as a driving question, guides student inquiry and fuels their desire to learn.

    • Developing Questions provides a framework to help users formulate powerful questions that can drive action and change. It breaks down the process of question development into key components: Question, Who, Action, and For.

    2. Sustained Inquiry:

    PBL thrives on inquiry. Inquiry is the process of asking questions and seeking answers. Students need to be able to ask good questions, delve into research, explore different perspectives, to learn and develop critical thinking skills.

      • “We Are Detectives” guides students in learning how to evaluate the reliability of online information. Through the lesson, students gain an understanding of the importance of critically examining online sources. They learn to identify who created the information, the purpose behind it, any potential biases, and key markers of credibility.

      3. Authenticity:

      PBL activities should be authentic, which means they should be relevant to students’ lives and interests.    

        PBL experiences should be authentic, mirroring real-world situations and connecting to students’ lives. This could involve addressing local community issues or tackling problems related to their personal interests.

        • The Three Whys has been adapted from Project Zero. The 3 Whys framework encourages students to explore the significance of a topic or question on three levels: personal, local, and global.

        4. Student Voice and Choice:

        Students should have a voice and choice in how they learn and how they demonstrate their learning.  Empower them to contribute to project selection and choose how they want to learn

        In PBL, it’s important to give students a voice and choices in their learning. This means letting them have a say in how they learn and how they demonstrate what they’ve learned. When students have choices, they are often more interested and involved in their learning.

        • Roadmaps are like guides that help students break down their projects into smaller steps, set goals, and track their progress. Roadmaps help students learn important skills like planning, organizing, managing their time, and reflecting on their learning. They also encourage students to take charge of their learning and make their own choices.
        • Choice Boards empower students to showcase their learning in diverse ways. By providing a range of product options, choice boards cater to different learning styles and student strengths. This flexibility allows students to express their understanding in ways that are most meaningful to them, leading to increased engagement and motivation.

        5. Reflection:

        Reflection is an essential part of the learning process. It allows students to think about what they have learned and how they can improve their learning. Reflection is crucial for deep learning. Encourage students to regularly reflect on their learning process, challenges, successes, and areas for growth.

          • Rock Paper Scissors encourages students to reflect on their PBL experiences by considering their challenges (“rock”), key takeaways (“paper”), and areas for improvement (“scissors”). This framework helps students think critically about their learning journey and identify areas for growth.

          6. Critique and Revision:

          Students should be given opportunities to critique and revise their work based on feedback from their peers and teachers. Create a safe and supportive environment where they feel comfortable receiving constructive criticism and making improvements to their work. Encourage students to provide specific feedback to each other, focusing on both strengths and areas for growth.

          • Glow and Grows– Have students use a rubric to self-assess their work. Students use the rubric to find a glow and grow the teacher and peers can then add their thoughts and feedback onto the same document. 

          7. Public Product:

            Students should have the opportunity to share their work with an audience outside of the classroom. This adds a layer of authenticity and purpose to student projects as it allows them to see the real-world impact of their learning.

            • Problem-Based Learning Products: We have listed resources for teachers to create a choice board for students to demonstrate their work throughout the project. Have students create a website or blog to showcase their work. 

              The Benefits of PBL

              PBL is a powerful approach to teaching and learning that can help students develop essential skills and knowledge. By engaging in real-world, personally meaningful projects, students can become more active and invested in their learning.    

              Implementing PBL can be challenging, but the benefits are worth the effort. If you are considering using PBL in your classroom, there are several things you can do to get started. First, learn more about PBL and the Gold Standard PBL model. With practice, you will be able to create engaging and challenging PBL activities that will help your students succeed.    

              Embrace the process, learn from your experiences, and watch your students thrive as they become creative and critical thinkers.

              *Article edited in part by Google Gemini.

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              Classroom ManagementGood Teaching

              Boost Engagement with Movement in the Classroom

              by Zulema Martinez
              written by Zulema Martinez

              Learning is not just about absorbing information through a lecture or jotting down notes but about making connections and actively engaging with the content. As we know teaching is not easy and there are plenty of reasons that can get in the way of student engagement, like the lack of class time, and students who seem disconnected. On top of that, the pressure of standardized testing and the challenge of motivating students whose academic and social skills are still affected by the pandemic. Enter these three simple strategies designed to boost engagement with movement and discourse in the classroom!

              The Importance of Motor Activities in the Classroom

              With so many TEKS to cover and so little time, it can be tempting to skip activities that encourage discourse and movement fearing they will take up too much time and instead rely on repetitive drills. But we can’t deny that the real magic of learning happens when students are actively involved, not just passively receiving information. 

              By trying out a few simple strategies that get students moving and talking, we can break the monotony, re-energize your classes and foster collaboration, critical thinking and a deeper understanding of the content. These strategies are easy to implement, don’t take up a lot of class time and can help cultivate a positive classroom culture where students feel more connected to each other and the material. Step out of the comfort zone, give these simple strategies that boost engagement with movement and discourse a try, and watch as they transform your classroom. 

              Three Strategies to Boost Engagement with Movement

              1. Spectrum

              How it works

              For this strategy one side of the room would be labeled Agree and the other Disagree. Students are presented with a thought provoking statement and move across the spectrum according to how passionate they are about their answers.This could be applied to any subject. For example: In a biology classroom the statement “Mitochondria are the most important cell organelle because they provide energy for all cellular activities” would be presented on the screen. Students would move to different spots in the room based on how much they agree with the statement (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, strongly disagree). After scattering along the spectrum. The students who are clustered together will collectively come up with a statement to justify their stance when called upon by the teacher. 

              Why it is effective

              This strategy not only encourages students to think critically about the content but also engage in the process of justifying their opinions using evidence from lessons, engaging with peers’ viewpoints and even having the opportunity to debate academically. 

              2. Stand or Sit, but Share

              How it works 

              This strategy is a low stakes beginner friendly strategy that gets students moving without them having to get up from their table. Even your most hesitant students can express their ideas without pressure. The students will stand if they agree with a solution or a statement, and stay seated if they disagree. 

              The teacher will display a statement and give students 45 seconds to review it. Once the initial timer goes off the students get 30 seconds to stand up if they agree with the displayed statement, or to stay seated if they disagree. The third timer gives students 1 minute to discuss their position with their group. 

              This strategy works well in any subject matter and could easily be applied to topics in which they are solving for an outcome. For example: when asking students to evaluate the equation or scenarios involving forces, acceleration and mass the statement “An 10 object is pushed with a net force of 30 N. Using the equation F=ma the correct way to solve this is to multiply the numbers together” would be displayed by the teacher. 

              Students would stand if they agree and stay seated if they disagree. Students who disagree with the statement might explain that to solve for acceleration Force (N) must be divided by mass (m). Students who initially agreed that the numbers should be multiplied, might be able to identify their misconceptions by seeing that they used the formula incorrectly. 

              Why it is effective

              This strategy is not about solving the problems but about exploring how to approach the questions and think critically. It reinforces the understanding of the content by analyzing solutions critically. The combination of movement and peer discussion makes the learning more interactive and engaging while encouraging students to articulate their reasonings in a smaller, less intimidating setting.

              How it works

              For this strategy, each student will be given a card with a question that has already been solved. The question could be multiple choice with correct answers circled, vocabulary terms with correct definition or a labeled diagram asking them to identify a specific area. The class will be divided into two groups, with an inner circle and an outer circle. 

              Students in the inner circle will stay in place while the outer circle rotates to a new partner after each round of questioning. Each round lasts two minutes during which students take turns quizzing each other and confirming the correct answers on their cards. At the end of the round, students will trade cards with their partner. The activity continues until all students have interacted with multiple partners and questions. 

              Why it is effective

              Rotating partners promotes teamwork and exposes the students to different ideas while the fast pace and variety keep the activity stimulating and interactive. This strategy helps reinforce the students’ understanding of key concepts by encouraging active participation and peer teaching. Giving the students the answers and having them explain it to their peers not only improves comprehension but it builds confidence and strengthens their communication skills creating a collaborative and supportive learning experience.

              Boost Engagement with Movement and Discourse

              Learning is most effective when paired with great strategies that improve students retention. We hope that these three strategies designed to boost engagement with movement are helpful for your classroom. Try them out and let us know how your students benefit in the comments below!

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              Students in a bright, colorful classroom working together on a hands-on group activity with a teacher observing and smiling
              Classroom ManagementGood Teaching

              Avoiding “Death by Lecture:” 25 Strategies to Keep Students Engaged

              by Dr. Bruce Ellis
              written by Dr. Bruce Ellis

              Depending on the era you were a student (or teacher), you’ve likely experienced “death by PowerPoint.” Later on, it may have been death by Kahoot or death by turn and talk. Regardless of the method, the intention was probably the same—to avoid “death by lecture.” Unfortunately, even great strategies can hinder learning when overused or misapplied. Below I share practical alternatives to traditional lectures that you can consider to keep students engaged.

              Why Traditional Lectures Fall Short

              Lectures have been a staple in education for generations, but they often fail to engage students meaningfully. Here’s why:

              • Lack of Interaction: Passive listening doesn’t encourage students to process or apply what they’re learning. Research indicates that without interaction or reinforcement, most students forget the majority of what they hear within 24 hours.
              • Excludes Diverse Learners: While auditory learners might thrive in lectures, visual and kinesthetic learners often struggle to stay focused. English Language Learners (ELLs) and students with learning disabilities may find lectures even more challenging without added visuals, context, or interactivity.
              • Minimal Feedback Opportunities: Lectures rarely include pauses for questions or activities. This means teachers may miss signs of confusion or disengagement, while students miss opportunities to clarify their understanding.
              • Reduced Skill Development: Lectures don’t foster collaboration, critical thinking, or problem-solving skills. These essential 21st-century abilities are better developed through interactive and hands-on learning experiences.

              Why Engaging Methods Keep Students Engaged

              Using engaging teaching methods transforms the classroom into an active and dynamic learning environment. Students retain information more effectively because they are actively processing, discussing, and applying what they learn. This approach allows students to connect new knowledge to what they already know, making it easier to remember and use later. Beyond improving retention, engaging methods address the needs of diverse learners by accommodating various learning styles. Visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learners all benefit when teaching moves beyond passive listening and includes discussion, activities, and movement.

              Engaging teaching strategies also help students build essential skills for success beyond the classroom. Group work, peer teaching, and collaborative problem-solving provide opportunities to develop critical thinking, teamwork, and communication skills. These methods make learning feel relevant and purposeful, boosting motivation and encouraging active participation. By incorporating gamification, real-world challenges, or creative projects, teachers create lessons that excite students and inspire curiosity. Ultimately, engaging methods help students thrive academically while preparing them for real-world situations that require problem-solving, collaboration, and higher-order thinking.

              Methods to Avoid “Death by Lecture”

              Lectures shouldn’t dominate your teaching, even if they occasionally have their place. Below are 25 strategies to make your classroom more interactive and effective, helping you keep students engaged. These methods can be adapted for different grade levels and content areas, ensuring all learners have opportunities to succeed.

              1. Adopt Inquiry-Based Learning: Encourage students to ask questions and conduct research, fostering curiosity and independence.
              2. Analyze Case Studies: Have students examine real-world scenarios and propose solutions to connect content to practical applications.
              3. Apply Think-Pair-Share: Let students reflect individually, discuss with a partner, and share with the class, promoting reflection and collaboration.
              4. Assign Quick Writes: Have students respond to short, timed writing prompts to reflect on or summarize a concept.
              5. Conduct Hands-On Experiments: Students explore scientific or practical concepts through experimentation, promoting active discovery.
              6. Create Concept Maps: Students visually organize and connect ideas through diagrams, helping them synthesize and structure knowledge.
              7. Encourage Collaborative Problem-Solving: Small groups work together to tackle a challenging problem, fostering teamwork and critical thinking.
              8. Engage in Role-Playing: Assign roles to students to explore historical events, scientific concepts, or problem-solving scenarios, building empathy and understanding.
              9. Facilitate Fishbowl Discussions: A small group discusses a topic while others observe, then switch roles. This promotes active listening and thoughtful contributions.
              10. Flip the Classroom: Students review content at home (via videos or readings) and use class time for interactive activities, maximizing engagement.
              11. Form Jigsaw Groups: Assign students to become “experts” on part of the content and teach it to their peers, promoting collaboration and accountability.
              12. Host Debates: Students take sides on an issue and present evidence-based arguments, sharpening critical thinking and persuasion skills.
              13. Host Workshops: Create hands-on sessions where students practice skills, receive feedback, and refine their work in real time.
              14. Implement Gallery Walks: Students rotate around the room to engage with posted questions, visuals, or problems, combining movement with collaborative discussion.
              15. Incorporate Gamification: Turn lessons into games or competitions to make learning fun and motivating. Examples include quiz games or leaderboards.
              16. Incorporate Peer Teaching: Students teach a concept to their classmates, reinforcing their own understanding and engaging their audience.
              17. Incorporate Storytelling: Use narratives to explain concepts or engage students emotionally, making lessons more memorable.
              18. Organize Station Rotations: Students rotate through activity stations, keeping learning dynamic and varied.
              19. Pause and Reflect: Intentionally stop during lessons to let students summarize, ask questions, or discuss, ensuring better comprehension and retention.
              20. Plan Scavenger Hunts: Create activities where students search for information or complete tasks related to the lesson, blending movement and learning.
              21. Run Socratic Seminars: Facilitate group discussions where students analyze a topic or text through open-ended questions, fostering critical thinking.
              22. Try Project-Based Learning (PBL): Students investigate and create projects to solve real-world problems, emphasizing collaboration and critical thinking.
              23. Use Four Corners: Students move to a corner of the room based on their opinion or answer to a question, sparking debate and showcasing diverse viewpoints.
              24. Use Interactive Notebooks: Students create personalized notes with visuals, foldables, or reflective prompts to engage with the material creatively.
              25. Use Simulations: Replicate real-world situations, such as mock trials or experiments, to immerse students in the content.

              Incorporating these strategies doesn’t mean abandoning lectures entirely. Instead, it means blending lectures with engaging methods that keep students engaged and allow them to take ownership of their learning. By providing opportunities for collaboration, critical thinking, and hands-on exploration, you create a classroom that fosters curiosity, builds deeper understanding, and keeps students actively involved. With these tools, you can transform your teaching, ensuring your students are not just present but truly thriving.

              Avoiding Death by Lecture GPT

              If you are interested in more strategies, consider testing out my Avoiding Death by Lecture custom GPT. Besides offering several ways to other than lecturing, you also be given tips to help implement the more engaging methods and transition away from lecturing.

              Overcoming Common Barriers

              Shifting away from lecture-heavy teaching can feel overwhelming. Here are some tips to address common challenges educators face when trying to keep students engaged during lectures:

              • Start Small: Begin with simple strategies, like Think-Pair-Share or a gallery walk, to ease into more interactive teaching. Gradually expand as you grow comfortable.
              • Manage Classroom Dynamics: Set clear expectations, structured routines, and provide consistent follow-through to keep students on task during active learning activities.
              • Use Time Effectively: Incorporate strategies like station rotations or quick writes that double as formative assessments or reinforce prior content.
              • Reflect and Adjust: Experiment with one or two strategies at a time. Reflect on what worked, make adjustments, and build your confidence with each attempt.

              By taking small, intentional steps and maintaining a growth mindset, you can create an engaging classroom environment where students thrive. Blending lectures with interactive methods fosters curiosity, builds deeper understanding, and keeps students motivated to learn.

              What method(s) would you add to our list? Jump in the comments and share.

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              A vibrant classroom scene featuring a teacher holding a tablet and colorful QR code cubes, with smiling students using tablets in the background.
              Blended LearningClassroom ActivitiesGood TeachingTechnology Applications

              Transforming End-of-Class Moments with QR-Code Exit Ticket Dice

              by Dr. Bruce Ellis
              written by Dr. Bruce Ellis

              Have you ever noticed how students start packing up their belongings a few minutes before class ends, mentally checking out while you’re still trying to figure out if today’s lesson made an impact? It’s a familiar challenge. Those last few minutes can feel rushed, like the opportunity for meaningful closure is slipping away. But what if you could turn those fleeting moments into an engaging way to check for understanding? That’s where QR-code exit ticket dice come in — a fresh take on the classic exit ticket that makes reflection both fun and interactive. By combining the unpredictability of rolling dice with the tech appeal of QR codes, this approach keeps students engaged until the very last second. Whether you’re already a fan of digital tools or just dipping your toes into tech integration, this simple strategy can add a spark to your lesson closures.

              The Power of Exit Ticket Dice in the Classroom

              Exit tickets, and exit ticket dice by extension, are a staple in many classrooms for good reason. They offer a low-stakes way for students to demonstrate their learning without the stress of a formal assessment. This approach encourages authentic responses while providing a structured way to wrap up each lesson. The process helps students consolidate what they’ve learned, reflect on their understanding, and identify areas where they might need more help. As a teacher, you get immediate feedback about what’s clicking and what isn’t, giving you the chance to adjust your next lesson accordingly. That real-time insight is invaluable for keeping all students on track.

              Creating and Implementing QR Code Exit Ticket Dice

              A cube template with six QR codes of different colors (purple, green, orange, red, blue, and yellow), designed to be folded into a 3D cube.

              If you’re looking for ready-to-go options, I’ve created a collection of QR codes for generic exit tickets that work across a variety of grade levels and content areas. If you want to make your own, the QR Code Generator Chrome extension is a handy tool. While it defaults to generating a code for the website you’re viewing, you can type in your own text, adjust the color, and download the QR code. A tip: name each file with the exact text (minus punctuation) so you can easily identify it later without having to scan it.

              To use these QR codes with dice, start by making a copy of the QR code dice template. Add the QR codes you want, resize them, and print. Then cut out the template, glue it together, and voilà—you’ve got your own QR code die. Don’t want to bother with dice? No problem. You can bookmark the Exit Ticket Selector, a digital tool that randomly chooses an exit ticket for the class. If you’re a subscriber to Claude, you can even customize the exit tickets through the Remix Artifact feature to better suit your needs. Whether you go with dice or digital, this strategy is a great way to make those final moments of class count.

              A webpage interface labeled "Exit Ticket Selector" with a button labeled "Begin."

              Understanding and Recall

              1. List three new things you learned in today’s class and rank them by importance.
              2. What do you think was the most important concept from today’s lesson? Explain why.
              3. Write a one-sentence summary of today’s main topic.
              4. If you had to explain today’s lesson to an absent classmate, what would you tell them?
              5. Create a quick sketch or diagram that represents the main idea from today’s lesson.

              Application and Connection

              1. How does today’s lesson connect to something we learned earlier in this course?
              2. Think of a real-world example where you might use what we learned today.
              3. What questions do you still have about today’s topic?
              4. Write one way you could apply today’s learning outside of school.
              5. How does today’s lesson connect to your personal life or interests?

              Reflection and Metacognition

              1. Rate your understanding of today’s content on a scale of 1-5 and explain your rating.
              2. What was the most challenging part of today’s lesson? Why?
              3. What learning strategy helped you the most today?
              4. If you could replay one part of today’s lesson, which part would it be and why?
              5. What “lightbulb moment” did you have during today’s class?

              Critical Thinking

              1. What surprised you most about today’s lesson?
              2. Create a question about today’s content that you think would make a good test question.
              3. What evidence supports the main concept we learned today?
              4. Compare and contrast two ideas from today’s lesson.
              5. What counterarguments could someone make to what we learned today?

              Engagement and Participation

              1. What moment in class today made you feel most engaged?
              2. Describe one contribution you made to today’s class discussion.
              3. What would you like to discuss more deeply in our next class?
              4. Rate your participation in today’s class and set one goal for tomorrow.
              5. What helped you stay focused during today’s lesson?

              Looking Forward

              1. Write one goal you have for our next class based on what you learned today.
              2. What topic from today would you like to explore further?
              3. How will you use your notes from today to prepare for our next class?
              4. What resources do you need to better understand today’s content?
              5. If you were the teacher, what would you do differently in teaching today’s lesson?

              Bonus Quick-Exit Options

              • Complete this sentence: “I used to think ___, but now I think ___”
              • Write a hashtag that summarizes today’s lesson
              • If today’s lesson were a movie title, what would it be?
              • Draw an emoji that represents your understanding of today’s content
              • Rate your confidence with today’s material: 👍 👌 👎 (explain your choice)

              Want to make those last few minutes of class count? Start by grabbing my pre-made QR codes or dive into creating your own custom set. It’s simple—download the template, craft your first QR code die, and roll it out with your students tomorrow. You might be surprised to see them still engaged when the bell rings, excited to tackle their reflection question. Once you see the difference, share your experience with your colleagues. After all, sharing wins like these is how we grow together as educators. Say goodbye to the days of students mentally checking out before the bell. Why not give it a try today?

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              Educational ResearchGood Teaching

              Implementing Brain-Based Learning

              by Lori Gracey
              written by Lori Gracey

              As busy as educators are these days, it’s almost impossible to find the time to stay current on research related to teaching. And yet the importance of incorporating brain-based learning with students is critical. Let’s discuss why research on the brain matters so much and then look at ways to save time with knowing the best ways to teach.

              What Is Brain-Based Learning?

              Brain-based learning refers to educational approaches and strategies informed by research in key disciplines such as:

              • Psychology
              • Neuroscience
              • Technology

              These methods are designed to align with how the brain naturally processes and retains information. Rather than being tied to a single, unified theory, brain-based learning encompasses a wide range of concepts and practices. While this broad scope may initially seem overwhelming, it also presents an opportunity: any effort to integrate insights from educational science into your teaching practices contributes to brain-based learning.

              Brain-based learning tries to answer questions such as:

              • What happens in the learning process?
              • Why do some students thrive at school and learn more than others?
              • How should specific content and skills be introduced and reinforced?
              • What instructional strategies work best for different learning?

              Recent research highlights significant benefits for educators who adopt brain-based learning strategies. These teachers often observe improvements in both student knowledge retention and academic performance. That means that students not only achieve higher test scores but also develop lasting skills that they can apply in real-world contexts beyond the classroom.

              Keeping Up with the Latest Research

              In the past decade, brain research has more than doubled and converged in a growing science of learning and development with many important implications for instructional practices, school climate, and district policy. So how can busy teachers and administrators stay current with the latest research on the best ways to help students learn? Here are a few ways.

              Stick with TCEA

              TCEA’s professional development team spends a lot of time examining the latest research so that you don’t have to. They share what they discover in our blogs, our weekly Lunch and Learn webinars, and at presentations around the country. There’s also a microcredential in Research and Best Practices being offered at the 2025 TCEA Convention & Exposition. In addition, we have created an online, self-paced course that sums all of the best research up and shares exactly how you can implement it. So, stick with us and we’ll make sure you’re in the know!

              Perplexity Chatbot

              While there are lots of good AI chatbots out there, Perplexity is currently the best one for research. Try using the prompt below for the most useful results, along with citations about each study mentioned:

              “Provide a summary of the latest validated research on how the brain learns, focusing on implications for teaching and learning in K-16 education. Please include:

              • Key findings or principles from each study
              • How these findings can be applied in educational settings
              • A brief, reliable citation for each study, including publication year and journal (e.g., Journal of Educational Psychology, 2024). Aim for studies published within the last 1-2 years, focusing on reliable sources and peer-reviewed journals.”

              You can customize the prompt by specifying a grade level or content area, as well as identify a unique audience, such as special needs or ESL students. And since the prompt provides application ideas, you can put what you learn into effect immediately.

              Science Daily

              The Science Daily website is a wonderful, free resource. It provides links to the latest studies on a wide range of topics, from health and medicine to technology, environmental science to business and industry. This link, though, will take you to the Education and Learning News section of the site where you can focus on brain research. Click on one of the links that piques your interest and you’ll be taken to an overview of what the research found, as well as details and references about the study. 

              Knowing what really works and, more importantly, what doesn’t work in the classroom today is critical for all of us. These three resources will make sure that you’re using the best instructional strategies.

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              English Language Arts Reading (ELAR)Good TeachingSocial-Emotional LearningWriting

              Ten Writing Prompts for the Holiday Season

              by Macee Hall
              written by Macee Hall

              Well, Thanksgiving week is nearly upon us, and the end of the year is trailing close behind. These short holiday weeks can feel tough, with attention spans running short and classrooms feeling chaotic. Why not harness that buzz and funnel it into something productive and celebratory by incorporating writing prompts for the holiday season into your classroom?

              Here, we’ve compiled a list of ten top prompts to be used at any point throughout the holiday season to inspire gratitude and help students express their feelings of appreciation. 

              The best part? Each of these prompts can be tailored to fit your target grade level! Younger students can write a sentence or short paragraph, while older students can put their research skills to use and complete a longer essay. Check out our top writing prompts for the holiday season below!

              Writing Prompts for the Holiday Season

              1. Think of a family member who means a lot to you. What do you appreciate most about them?
              2. Describe your favorite holiday tradition. How does it make you feel and why?
              3. Write about a teacher or coach who has made a positive impact on your life this year. How have they helped you grow?
              4. Reflect on a challenge you overcame recently. Who supported you through it, and how can you show your appreciation?
              5. What’s something in your life that you’re thankful for? Describe it and explain why it makes you feel grateful.
              6. Think of a friend who has been kind to you lately. How did their actions make you feel, and why are you grateful for their friendship?
              7. Describe your favorite meal. Who prepares it for you, and why does it make you feel thankful?
              8. Write about a book that has inspired you this year. What lessons did you learn, and why are you grateful for having read it?
              9. Reflect on a small act of kindness you witnessed or experienced recently. How did it brighten someone’s day?
              10. What’s something about your school or community that you’re thankful for? How does it make your life better?

              *List created in part with help from Perplexity.AI.

              How Writing Can Inspire Gratitude

              It’s no secret that writing is intensely personal. Putting your internal thoughts out into the external world can feel vulnerable and often intimidating. But this actually makes writing the perfect outlet for some of those warm (or otherwise) holiday feelings we get each year, because the holiday season is also an incredibly intimate and vulnerable time for many. So, directing some of those feelings into a written project helps students (and adults, alike!) learn to express their complex emotions in a healthy, creative way. 

              Holiday writing projects don’t even need to be shared with the class, if the topic is sensitive. You’ll have to gauge that for your own classroom. This project may be as simple as a thought-provoking exercise or it might be a full-blown essay. Either way, you’ll be helping the next generation process and share their feelings while sharing some holiday cheer with these writing prompts for the holiday season! 

              Have an idea to add to our list? Add it in the comments below!

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              10 critical thinking skills high school students should master including activities for the classroom.
              Good Teaching

              10 Critical Thinking Skills High Schoolers Should Master

              by Sara Qualls
              written by Sara Qualls

              As high school students prepare for life after graduation, developing critical thinking skills is more important than ever. According to the XQ Super School report, many high schools are not effectively preparing students for the future, particularly in fostering critical thinking skills. 

              “Out of more than 300 participants polled, the vast majority—93 percent—said they didn’t think high schools are fully preparing students to succeed in the future.”

              That number is staggering! So, how do we turn this around? By focusing on these skills, we can help students learn to analyze complex information, make smart decisions, and tackle real-world challenges head-on. This foundation not only boosts their academic performance but also sets them up to thrive in a world that’s constantly changing. Let’s explore some engaging activities designed to build critical thinking skills in high schoolers!

              Fostering Adaptability Skills in High School Students

              Adaptability is being open to new ideas and willing to change perspectives based on new evidence or insights.

              Picture yourself as an entrepreneur, pivoting your strategy in response to market shifts—that’s the power of adaptability! For high school students, mastering this skill is crucial as they prepare for life beyond school. It equips them to handle uncertainty, embrace change, and thrive in dynamic environments. By learning to adjust their plans and approaches, they develop the resilience needed to face future challenges head-on. Here are some impactful activities designed to strengthen adaptability skills in high school learners.

              Adaptability Activities for High School

              Change Management Simulation

              Create a scenario where students must adapt to a sudden change in a project (e.g., a new deadline, budget cuts, or a shift in project goals). In groups, they will devise a new plan, discussing how to effectively manage the transition and mitigate challenges. This exercise enhances their ability to think on their feet and develop flexible strategies. You can incorporate real-world challenges to make this activity even more relevant.

              Scenario Planning
              Present students with different future scenarios (e.g., changes in technology, environmental shifts, or societal trends) and have them brainstorm how they would adapt to those changes. This forward-thinking exercise not only enhances their adaptability but also prepares them for the complexities of the future job market. Check out FEMA’s Youth Emergency Preparedness Curriculum here.

              Improv Activities
              Engage students in improvisational theater exercises where they must react and adapt to unexpected situations and prompts. This fun and interactive approach enhances their ability to think on their feet and respond creatively to new challenges. Discover a list of improv games for high school students here.

              Enhancing Analysis Skills in High Schoolers

              Analysis is the ability to break down complex information into smaller parts, identifying patterns and relationships.

              Picture tackling a complex puzzle and breaking it down into manageable pieces—that’s a skill every high school student should master! It’s all about identifying patterns and relationships that help reveal the bigger picture. For high schoolers, honing analysis and critical thinking skills is essential; it empowers them to engage with intricate ideas, navigate real-world challenges, and critically assess the information they encounter. These skills not only enhance academic success but also prepare them for thoughtful decision-making in their future careers. Here are some dynamic activities specifically designed to strengthen these vital, future-ready skills.

              Analysis Activities for High School

              Documentary Review
              Have students watch a documentary and analyze the filmmaker’s techniques, including narrative style, use of visuals, and how these elements impact the viewer’s understanding of the subject. This activity encourages critical thinking and media literacy, and you can find several lesson plans from The New York Times to support your teaching.

              Real-World Case Studies
              Provide students with case studies from various industries (e.g., business, healthcare, environmental science) that present complex problems. They must analyze the case, identify key issues, and propose actionable solutions. This activity helps them develop analytical thinking and problem-solving skills applicable in any professional setting. You can access the National Science Teaching Association (NTSA) for case studies.

              Scientific Research Project 
              Students can choose a scientific question, conduct experiments, and analyze their results. This hands-on approach allows them to discuss patterns and implications in a written report or presentation, fostering their ability to draw evidence-based conclusions. Explore fun science projects that can be done with just paper clips here.

              Collaborative Learning for High Schoolers

              Collaboration is working effectively with others, sharing ideas, and integrating different perspectives to reach a common goal.

              Imagine high school students as skilled co-creators, uniting their talents to produce compelling projects—that’s the essence of collaboration for teenagers! Mastering this skill is vital as they prepare for college and careers, enabling them to work in teams, negotiate ideas, and develop leadership qualities. By fostering collaboration skills, high school students become well-equipped to tackle the complexities of group work in professional settings. Here are some inspiring activities crafted to enhance collaboration skills in high school learners.

              Collaboration Activities for High School

              Professional Networking Event
              Organize a mock networking event where students must work together to research local professionals or alumni in various fields. They can prepare questions and engage in role-playing to practice networking skills, learning how to introduce themselves and build professional relationships.

              Community CollaborationAssign students to small groups and challenge them to design a project that addresses a community issue, such as creating a sustainability plan for their school or organizing a local awareness campaign. They’ll need to collaborate on research, delegate tasks, and develop a final presentation or report. This experience not only enhances their teamwork and problem-solving skills but also equips them with practical knowledge and experience they can use in their future careers or civic engagement.

              Interdisciplinary Team Challenges
              Organize challenges that require collaboration across different subjects (e.g., science and art). Students can work in mixed teams to create projects that incorporate knowledge from various disciplines, encouraging creative problem-solving and teamwork. A favorite activity from young learners to adults is Save Fred. Give it a go!

              Bonus: Classroom Magazines: Ready-to-Use Lessons for a Google Slides Project

              Effective Communication Skills for High School Students

              Communication is the ability to convey ideas clearly and effectively, both verbally and in writing. 

              Imagine high school students engaging in dynamic discussions, presenting their ideas confidently, and collaborating on projects—that’s the essence of communication for teenagers! Mastering this skill is crucial as they prepare for higher education and professional environments, enabling them to express their ideas persuasively and engage in meaningful dialogue. By fostering communication skills, high school students become adept at navigating complex interactions and building relationships. Here are some inspiring activities crafted to enhance communication skills in high school learners.

              Communication Activities for High School

              Gratitude Towers
              Have students participate in the Gratitude Towers activity, where they work in groups to build towers using various materials, each layer representing something they appreciate about their community or environment. As they construct their towers, students discuss and articulate their thoughts, enhancing their collaborative and communication skills.

              Startup Simulation
              Have students form small groups to create a mock startup. They will identify a problem in the market, research potential solutions, and develop a business plan that includes a marketing strategy, financial projections, and operational plans. This hands-on experience teaches them critical thinking and teamwork while preparing them for entrepreneurial endeavors.

              Mock Job Interviews
              Organize mock job interviews where students must prepare answers to common interview questions and make decisions about how to present themselves. Afterward, they can evaluate each other’s performances and discuss the decision-making processes behind their responses.

              Bonus: 8 Tips for Practicing Active Listening in the Classroom

              Cultivating Creativity in High School

              Creativity is the ability to generate original ideas and think outside the box, an essential skill for students as they navigate a rapidly changing world. 

              Creativity at the high school level is about transforming ideas into impactful actions. Picture students as architects of their own futures, designing projects that reflect their unique visions—that’s the essence of creativity! For high school students, honing this skill is vital as they prepare for college and careers. It empowers them to tackle complex challenges, work collaboratively, and present their ideas effectively. Here are some inspiring activities crafted to help high school learners amplify their creativity and become the innovators of tomorrow. Let’s dive in!

              Creativity Activities for High School

              Design the Resume
              Using design software, students should create a visually appealing resume that incorporates their research and personal branding. Encourage them to experiment with colors, fonts, and layouts while ensuring clarity and professionalism. You can find hundreds of resume templates on Canva.

              Art and Technology Integration
              Encourage students to combine art and technology by creating digital artwork or interactive media projects. They can use tools like graphic design software, coding, or 3D modeling, allowing them to explore their creativity while gaining valuable tech skills relevant to many industries. 

              Group Innovation Projects
              Challenge students to collaborate on developing an innovative product or service. They can create a business plan and pitch their ideas to the class, promoting teamwork and creative problem-solving skills. Read this to get tools and ideas on how to group students.

              Bonus: Fab Labs: Unleash Creativity, Innovation, and Hands-On Learning

              Empowering Decision-Making in Students

              Decision-making is weighing options and outcomes to make choices that align with goals and values.

              Think of yourself as a strategist, making pivotal choices that can shape your future—that’s the power of decision-making! For high school students, mastering this skill is essential as they prepare for college and career paths. It equips them to assess risks, weigh options, and make informed decisions based on research and personal values. Strong decision-making skills are crucial for success in a complex world where choices can have lasting impacts. Here are some impactful activities designed to enhance decision-making skills in high school learners, empowering them to navigate their futures with confidence and clarity.

              Decision-Making Activities for High School

              Philosophical Chairs
              Philosophical Chairs is an engaging exercise that promotes attentive listening and invites all students to share their perspectives. Set up a discussion format where students can take a stance on a statement and must defend their position or switch sides based on the arguments presented by their peers. This dynamic format encourages open dialogue and critical assessment of differing opinions.

              Career Path Exploration
              Have students research different career paths and the decision-making processes involved in pursuing them. They can create a visual map outlining the steps, potential obstacles, and necessary qualifications for their chosen careers. This activity promotes self-assessment and informed decision-making about their futures.

              Budgeting Challenge
              Assign students a fictional budget for a project or event (e.g., planning a school festival or starting a small business). They must make decisions about how to allocate funds while considering various factors like cost, quality, and potential impact. This activity enhances financial literacy and strategic thinking.

              Evaluative Skills for Future Success

              Evaluation is assessing the credibility of sources, arguments, and evidence to make informed judgments.

              Picture yourself as an analyst, dissecting data and drawing conclusions—that’s the power of evaluation! For high school students, mastering this skill is crucial as they prepare for higher education and career paths. It equips them to critically assess sources, analyze arguments, and make informed decisions based on evidence. By developing strong evaluation skills, they become more discerning consumers of information, which is essential for success in today’s complex world. Here are some impactful activities designed to enhance evaluation skills in high school learners, empowering them to think critically and independently.

              Evaluation Activities for High School

              Product Testing and Feedback
              Have students test a product or service (real or hypothetical) and evaluate its effectiveness based on specific criteria (usability, design, functionality). They can present their findings through discussions or demonstrations, providing feedback on how the product could be improved.

              Art Critique
              Have students evaluate a piece of artwork or a film, discussing elements like composition, themes, and emotional impact. They can write a critique or lead a class discussion. This activity not only enhances their evaluation skills but also fosters creativity and cultural awareness. The Kennedy Center offers a great explanation of how to teach your students to critique effectively. 

              Project Assessment and Reflection
              After completing a group project, ask students to evaluate their own and each other’s contributions. They can reflect on what worked well, what didn’t, and how they could improve in future collaborations. This activity fosters accountability and enhances their ability to assess group dynamics, valuable in any team-based setting.Explore these strategies for self-assessment to guide your students.

              Bonus: Powerful Checklists and Easy Digital Tools for Formative Assessments

              Teaching High School Students to Master Inference Skills

              Inference is drawing logical conclusions based on available information and data, even when not all details are clear.

              Imagine being a detective, piecing together clues to uncover hidden meanings—that’s the essence of inference! It’s about reading between the lines and drawing conclusions from evidence, a vital skill for tackling complex texts and real-world scenarios. For high schoolers, mastering inference is crucial for engaging with sophisticated materials, analyzing arguments, evaluating sources, and thinking critically about the information they encounter. These skills not only enhance academic performance but also prepare them for informed decision-making in their future careers. Here are some thought-provoking activities designed to sharpen their inference skills and equip them for the challenges ahead.

              Inference Activities for High School

              Literature Review for Research Papers
              Assign students to conduct a literature review on a specific topic relevant to their interests or future careers. They will infer connections between different studies, identify gaps in the research, and propose areas for further investigation. This skill is vital for academic research and professional writing.

              Data Interpretation Projects
              Provide students with real-world datasets (e.g., economic indicators, environmental data, or health statistics) and have them analyze the data to make inferences about trends or potential future outcomes. This activity helps them develop analytical skills critical for fields such as business, science, and public policy. 

              Historical Document Analysis
              Provide students with a selection of primary source documents (like diary entries, letters, or speeches) from a historical figure or event. Have them analyze the documents to infer the author’s intentions, feelings, and the context of the time. This activity encourages students to support their inferences with specific evidence from the texts, enhancing their analytical skills. 

              Building Problem-Solving Skills in High School

              Problem-solving is the ability to develop strategies to tackle challenges, including identifying root causes and generating creative solutions.

              Envision confronting a significant challenge and devising a strategic plan to overcome it—that’s the power of problem-solving! For high school students, mastering this skill is crucial as they prepare for life beyond school. It empowers them to approach intricate issues with analytical thinking, creativity, and persistence. As they navigate academic and personal challenges, strong problem-solving skills equip them to make informed decisions and adapt to new situations. Here are some impactful activities designed to cultivate problem-solving abilities in high school learners.

              Problem-Solving Activities for High School

              Real-World Problems
              Present complex problems related to real-world issues (e.g., climate change) and have students work in groups to analyze the problem, explore solutions, and present their analyses to the class. This collaborative approach not only sharpens their decision-making skills but also encourages teamwork and effective communication. Get started right away with the curriculum and lesson plan from Take Action Global’s Free Climate Action Project.

              Design Thinking Challenge
              Introduce students to the design thinking process by having them identify a problem (such as improving school policies or enhancing student engagement). They will brainstorm ideas, create prototypes, and test their solutions. This iterative approach to problem-solving fosters creativity and collaboration, skills valuable in innovation-driven careers. Snag this Design Thinking Lesson Plan Template to help.

              Community Service Project Planning
              Students can identify a need in their community and develop a comprehensive plan for a service project to address it. They will research the issue, outline steps for implementation, and present their proposal to the class. This activity enhances their problem-solving abilities and encourages civic engagement, valuable in any future career.

              Bonus: Innovation Challenges Provide Real World-World Learning

              Developing Research Skills in Students

              Research is the ability to gather information, analyze it critically, and draw informed conclusions. 

              Imagine high school students as skilled investigators, piecing together complex information to understand the world around them—that’s the essence of research for teenagers! Mastering this skill is crucial as they prepare for higher education and the workforce, enabling them to conduct in-depth analyses and articulate informed arguments. By fostering research skills, high school students become adept at navigating complex topics and contributing to meaningful discussions. Here are some inspiring activities crafted to enhance research skills in high school learners.

              Research Activities for High School

              Research Roundtable Discussions
              Organize roundtable discussions where students research a specific topic ahead of time and come prepared to share their findings. Each student can take turns leading the discussion, asking questions, and challenging each other’s perspectives. This format encourages critical thinking and deeper engagement with the material. Have them access the 

              Personal Branding Research Project
              Have students conduct research on personal branding and develop their own personal brand strategy. They can explore topics like resume building, social media presence, networking, and professional skills. This project prepares them for job searches and internships by teaching them how to present themselves effectively. Learn more from Harvard Summer School for how to build your personal brand in high school.

              Cultural Research Presentation
              Students can research a culture different from their own, focusing on customs, traditions, and societal issues. They can present their findings in a format of their choice (e.g., presentation, video, or article). This promotes cultural awareness and prepares them for global citizenship in diverse workplaces. Have them access the World Digital Library to get started with their research.

              In high school, the development of critical thinking skills is paramount as students prepare for life beyond graduation. By equipping them with the ability to analyze, evaluate, and create, we’re setting them up for success in an increasingly complex world. Your influence as educators is powerful in shaping their future. How do you engage your students in critical thinking activities? Leave a comment to share your experiences—I’d love to hear what works for you!

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              Collage of classroom scenes showing students collaborating on projects, with a teacher assisting a student, surrounded by decorative circles.
              AccessibilityEquity, Diversity, InclusionGood TeachingInstructional CoachingSpecial Needs

              Creating Inclusive Classrooms with UDL and Differentiation

              by Dr. Bruce Ellis
              written by Dr. Bruce Ellis

              Are you looking to reach every student in your diverse classroom? Do you sometimes feel overwhelmed trying to meet the varied needs of all your learners? You’re not alone. Many educators face this challenge daily. The good news is that Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and Differentiation offer powerful solutions. These approaches can help you create a learning environment where every student has the opportunity to thrive. Let’s explore how these strategies can transform your teaching and make your classroom more inclusive and effective for all learners.

              Understanding UDL and Differentiation

              Universal Design for Learning (UDL) Differentiation
              Definition: A proactive approach to designing inclusive learning experiences Definition: A responsive approach that tailors instruction to meet individual student needs
              Analogy: Building a ramp instead of stairs – accessible for everyone from the start Analogy: Customizing the interior of a building to suit specific requirements
              Key Principles:
              • Spark interest and motivation for learning
              • Present information in various ways
              • Provide different ways for students to show what they know
              		 Areas for Differentiation:
              • Content: Adjust what students learn
              • Process: Modify how students learn
              • Product: Vary how students demonstrate learning
              • Learning environment: Change where and with whom students learn
              Timing: Implemented during lesson planning, before instruction begins Timing: Applied during instruction, in response to observed student needs
              Focus: Designing a flexible curriculum that can accommodate diverse learners Focus: Adapting teaching methods to address specific student strengths and challenges

              Why Use UDL and Differentiation Together?

              Universal Design for Learning and Differentiation, while powerful on their own, become even more effective when used in tandem. By combining these approaches, educators can create a learning environment that is both proactively designed to be accessible and responsive to individual student needs. This synergy allows teachers to address the diverse learning needs of their students more comprehensively than either approach could achieve alone. The flexibility of UDL provides a foundation that makes differentiation easier to implement, while the targeted nature of differentiation helps fine-tune the inclusive framework established by UDL principles.

              Combining these approaches creates a powerful toolkit for inclusive education:

              • UDL sets the stage for accessibility
              • Differentiation fine-tunes the learning experience
              • Together, they address both group and individual needs

              Implementing UDL and Differentiation in Your Classroom

              STEP 1:
              Start with UDL              		 STEP 2:
              Apply Differentiation
              Design diverse materials:
              • Create digital presentations with text and audio
              • Provide physical models for hands-on learners
              • Include videos with captions
              • Offer choice in assessment methods
              		 Assess ongoing needs:
              • Monitor student progress regularly
              • Identify specific learning gaps
              • Recognize individual strengths and challenges
              Plan for engagement:
              • Incorporate interactive simulations
              • Use multimedia resources
              • Develop collaborative projects
              		 Adjust instruction:
              • Form flexible groups based on needs
              • Provide tiered assignments
              • Offer one-on-one support when necessary

              Practical Tips for Success

              Implementing UDL and differentiation in your classroom doesn’t have to be overwhelming. By starting small and gradually expanding your approach, you can create a more inclusive learning environment over time. The following tips are designed to help you integrate these strategies into your teaching practice effectively and sustainably. Remember, the goal is progress, not perfection. As you experiment with these techniques, you’ll discover what works best for you and your students, leading to a more dynamic and responsive classroom.

              • Begin with small steps: Implement one UDL principle or differentiation strategy at a time
              • Use technology wisely: Explore assistive tools and adaptive software
              • Collaborate with colleagues: Share ideas and resources
              • Gather feedback from students regularly: Use their input to refine your approach
              • Conduct ongoing assessments: Inform your differentiation decisions with current data
              • Practice flexible grouping: Mix whole class, small group, and individual instruction
              • Reflect and adjust: Evaluate your strategies and be willing to make changes

              Overcoming Common Challenges

              While implementing UDL and differentiation can greatly enhance your teaching, it’s natural to encounter some obstacles along the way. Recognizing these common challenges is the first step in addressing them effectively. The following strategies can help you navigate potential hurdles, ensuring that you can successfully integrate these approaches into your classroom practice, regardless of constraints or limitations.

              • Time constraints: Build a resource bank over time and start small, gradually expanding.
              • Limited resources: Advocate for professional development and seek out free online tools and materials.
              • Large class sizes: Implement peer tutoring and use station rotation models.
              • Balancing individual needs with standards: Focus on core concepts and provide multiple paths to meet objectives.

              Taking Action in Your Classroom

              Now that you’re familiar with UDL and differentiation, it’s time to put these concepts into practice. Remember, transforming your classroom into a more inclusive learning environment is a journey, not a destination. Start with small, manageable steps and gradually build on your successes. The following action steps will help you begin implementing these strategies in your classroom, allowing you to see firsthand how they can benefit your students and enhance your teaching practice.

              1. Analyze your current teaching approach: Identify areas where you’re already using UDL or differentiation and spot opportunities for improvement.
              2. Set realistic goals: Choose one UDL principle to focus on this week and select a differentiation strategy to try in your next lesson.
              3. Measure your progress: Keep a teaching journal and ask for student feedback.
              4. Share your experiences: Discuss successes and challenges with colleagues and contribute to professional learning communities.

              Remember, creating an inclusive classroom is an ongoing process that requires patience, flexibility, and a willingness to learn. Every step you take towards implementing UDL and differentiation is a step towards better serving all your students. As you continue to refine your practice, you’ll likely find that these approaches not only benefit your students but also reinvigorate your own passion for teaching. The diverse strengths and needs of your students can become a source of creativity and innovation in your instructional methods.

              Are you ready to transform your classroom? Start by choosing one strategy from this post to implement in your next lesson. Whether it’s a UDL principle or a differentiation technique, take that first step towards creating a more inclusive learning environment. Share your experiences, celebrate your successes, and learn from the challenges. Together, we can create classrooms where every student has the opportunity to thrive and reach their full potential.

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              Image that reads Vocabulary Sites with Visuals
              ESL/ELLGood Teaching

              TCEA Responds: Vocabulary Sites Boost Learning

              by Diana Benner
              written by Diana Benner

              Dear TCEA Responds:

              I attended a lunch and learn last fall and learned about some great ways to help students access great vocabulary sites online that included visuals. I teach students with dyslexia and any vocabulary sites with images are incredibly helpful. Do you have any suggestions or ideas?  

              Thanks, Daisy

              Dear Daisy,

              What a great question! For many students, words are easier to remember when paired with images. Visual vocabulary tools provide an engaging way to strengthen word retention. Here are some top resources that combine words with pictures, videos, and even sound.

              Visual Vocabulary

              This online tool is perfect for English learners at various levels. With simple definitions and images for a wide range of words, Visual Vocabulary makes it easy for students to associate meanings with pictures, reinforcing comprehension.

              English Picture Dictionary by Langeek

              Image of a caboose from the website Visual Vocabulary.
              Screenshot by author from Visual Vocabulary.

              Langeek’s Picture Dictionary is a site that provides definitions, images, and example sentences. It is free to use and it is user-friendly, making it accessible to learners of all ages.

              TextProject Core Vocabulary Word Pictures

              For those focused on foundational vocabulary, TextProject’s Core Vocabulary Word Pictures is a great resource. It organizes words into concept groups, which is especially helpful for young learners. It is also helpful for those working on grouping together texts that discuss the same theme.

              Little Explorers Picture Dictionary

              Designed for children, this picture dictionary by Enchanted Learning uses simple, colorful visuals to introduce vocabulary in a fun way. It’s ideal for young learners just beginning to read and expand their vocabulary.

              Kid’s Wordsmyth

              Kid’s Wordsmyth adds a unique touch with animated images and sound features that make learning interactive. This dictionary is excellent for children who benefit from multi-sensory learning tools to reinforce word meanings. WILD is their free illustrated dictionary for children, which shows colorful animated images and sounds out the word.

              Vidtionary

              For older students and adults, Vidtionary is a video dictionary. The website has a collection of short videos that show different example scenes illustrating a word’s meaning.

              Merriam-Webster’s Visual Dictionary Online

              This site features detailed illustrations, especially useful for scientific or technical vocabulary. Learners can explore over 20,000 terms across various topics with detailed diagrams and labeled images, which helps in fields like biology, anatomy, and geography.

              Each of these tools offers a unique way to combine vocabulary learning with images. Whether you’re a teacher, student, or parent, these resources can enrich the vocabulary learning experience and make language acquisition more engaging. In addition, don’t forget to visit all our other blogs related to vocabulary learning.

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